1833年3月4日，安德鲁·杰克逊在华盛顿特区正式连任美国总统。

对内方面，拒行联邦法案危机依然未能得到解决，面对南部各州的不配合态度，气急败坏的杰克逊总统于连任第一年就通过了《军力动员法》，试图以武力震慑南方各州，局势不断升温，但南方丝毫没有被总统的行为吓到，各州代表在国会上根据宪法据理力争，强调各州有权拒行联邦宪法，最终杰克逊总统还是向南方做出了妥协，同意降低关税，并废除了《军利动员法》，避免了一场内战；经济方面，杰克逊总统利用自己的职权成功让美国第二银行倒闭，美国工业化进程受挫，这在短时间内没有对美国经济产生明显影响，但无疑为接下来美国1837—1843年美国经济危机埋下了隐患；1834年，美国赢得了黑鹰战争，黑鹰部落的遭遇只是杰克逊时代美国原住民的一个缩影，大量原住民部落遭到武力驱逐，被迫离开家乡，以方便美国人开展西进运动；杰克逊总统开展他承诺的各项改革。1835年，杰克逊总统在参加完一场葬礼后遭到了刺杀，由于行刺者的手枪卡壳，他反而被杰克逊总统用手杖制服，杰克逊未受伤，但是此事对他本人和整个美国冲击极大，这是美国历史上第一次有人试图刺杀美国总统，建国之初的美国总统授权美国公民持枪的权利，以帮助他们反抗压迫和暴政，而这把枪在30多年后，首次对准了美国总统。杰克逊总统也成为了美国第一位遭遇刺杀的总统。

对外方面，美国周边的地缘政治发生重大变动，美国对西部邻国墨西哥的领土垂涎已久，早在墨西哥独立之前，美国就未能就西部边界线具体规划同西班牙达成共识，墨西哥独立后，美国就长期通过向墨西哥的得克萨斯地区输送移民，据美国的说法，这些移民“习惯了美国民主自由的生活，移民到墨西哥后无法忍受当地政府的独裁、残暴、压迫”，因而这些移民要求带着得克萨斯独立的呼声越来越高，1830年，意识到事情严重性的墨西哥政府禁止美国人再向得克萨斯移民，然而为时已晚，得克萨斯的美国移民数量已经过多，墨西哥禁止移民的行为激化了双方冲突，1835年，杰克逊总统试图向墨西哥购买西部领土遭拒绝，同年得克萨斯正式脱离墨西哥宣布独立，成立得克萨斯共和国，墨西哥出兵试图收复得克萨斯，但由于美国军队的秘密介入，1836年墨西哥军队最终被击败，但是墨西哥依然不愿意放弃得克萨斯，此后墨西哥和美国、德克萨斯的关系十分紧张，双方时常爆发边界冲突。1837年，杰克逊总统代表美国正式承认了得克萨斯共和国的独立国家地位，但他并不打算让得克萨斯并入美国，因为此时美国虽然刚刚避免了一场内战，但南北矛盾依旧十分严峻，杰克逊总统担心得克萨斯的并入会打破南北之间脆弱的平衡；1835年，法国未能及时支付对美国的赔款(此赔款在门罗宣言有具体提到)，杰克逊总统以他一贯的军人作风命令海军做好战斗准备，并在国会释放好战信息，督促法国尽快赔款，法国政府对此恼羞成怒，美法十分紧张，最终由英国出面调节，双方才做出让步让危机化解。

(资料图片仅供参考)

1837年3月4日，安德鲁·杰克逊卸任总统一职，退出政坛，返回自己在田纳西的家中。

杰克逊退休后依然坚持自己蓄奴主义者的立场，但是他始终反对分裂联邦的想法，并对几年后美国出现的“昭昭天命”思想嗤之以鼻；退休生活中，他又陷入了财务危机，因为他的养子在外欠有巨额债务，杰克逊只能被迫变卖土地为养子还债，同时他的身体健康也日渐恶化。

1845年6月8日，安德鲁·杰克逊因水肿和心脏衰竭去世，享年78岁。

杰克逊总统是对美国历史影响最为深远的总统之一，他的改革措施极大促进了美国的民主化进程，即使他于1837年卸任总统一职，但之后的10年左右时间和他的任期被并称为美国历史上的“杰克逊时代”。

I was born for a storm and a calm does not suit me. —— Andrew Jackson

我生性如狂风暴雨般猛烈，镇静不是我的作风。 —— 安德鲁·杰克逊

Fellow-Citizens:

同胞们：　　

The will of the American people, expressed through their unsolicited suffrages, calls me before you to pass through the solemnities preparatory to taking upon myself the duties of President of the United States for another term. For their approbation of my public conduct through a period which has not been without its difficulties, and for this renewed expression of their confidence in my good intentions, I am at a loss for terms adequate to the expression of my gratitude. It shall be displayed to the extent of my humble abilities in continued efforts so to administer the Government as to preserve their liberty and promote their happiness.

美国人民自发通过选举表达了自己的意愿，他们号召我在此对自己的职责宣誓，继续作为美国总统开启第二个任期。他们对我上个任期的政绩表示认可，他们也又一次愿意相信我规划的美好愿景，对此我的感激之情无以言表。我只能以微薄之力继续执政，捍卫人民的自由，增进人民的幸福才能表达我的感谢。

So many events have occurred within the last four years which have necessarily called forth sometimes under circumstances the most delicate and painful my views of the principles and policy which ought to be pursued by the General Government that I need on this occasion but allude to a few leading considerations connected with some of them.

过去4年发生了许多事情，有时候发生的事情十分艰难棘手，这使得我对联邦政府的原则和政策有了新的想法，我需要在此谈谈我对一些问题的大致看法。

The foreign policy adopted by our Government soon after the formation of our present Constitution, and very generally pursued by successive Administrations, has been crowned with almost complete success, and has elevated our character among the nations of the earth. To do justice to all and to submit to wrong from none has been during my Administration its governing maxim, and so happy have been its results that we are not only at peace with all the world, but have few causes of controversy, and those of minor importance, remaining unadjusted.

在立宪完成后，我国政府采取的外交政策，在经由多届政府坚持执行后，如今已经取得巨大成功，提高了我国在世界各国中的国际地位。我上个任期内的执政标准是，维护各国的正当权利，同时也不允许任何国家损害我国利益，其效果令人满意，我国不仅同全世界都处于和平，甚至和所有国家都没有任何矛盾，即使有一部分微不足道的小矛盾，也完全可以放置不管。

In the domestic policy of this Government there are two objects which especially deserve the attention of the people and their representatives, and which have been and will continue to be the subjects of my increasing solicitude. They are the preservation of the rights of the several States and the integrity of the Union.

在本届政府的对内政策中，有两个议题需要全体人民和各位代表的特别关注，这两个议题也将成为我日后持续关注的问题。一是维护各州的利益，二是捍卫联邦的完整。

These great objects are necessarily connected, and can only be attained by an enlightened exercise of the powers of each within its appropriate sphere in conformity with the public will constitutionally expressed. To this end it becomes the duty of all to yield a ready and patriotic submission to the laws constitutionally enacted and thereby promote and strengthen a proper confidence in those institutions of the several States and of the United States which the people themselves have ordained for their own government.

这两个重大议题是相互关联的，只有各部门在宪法规定的范围内合理行使权力，且不违反人民的意愿，二者才可能同时实现。因此，全体公民都需要准备好尽自己的爱国义务，维护宪法等法律，进而加强各州机关和联邦政府民选机关对彼此的信任。

My experience in public concerns and the observation of a life somewhat advanced confirm the opinions long since imbibed by me, that the destruction of our State governments or the annihilation of their control over the local concerns of the people would lead directly to revolution and anarchy, and finally to despotism and military domination. In proportion, therefore, as the General Government encroaches upon the rights of the States, in the same proportion does it impair its own power and detract from its ability to fulfill the purposes of its creation. Solemnly impressed with these considerations, my countrymen will ever find me ready to exercise my constitutional powers in arresting measures which may directly or indirectly encroach upon the rights of the States or tend to consolidate all political power in the General Government. But of equal and, indeed of incalculable, importance is the union of these States, and the sacred duty of all to contribute to its preservation by a liberal support of the General Government in the exercise of its just powers. You have been wisely admonished to "accustom yourselves to think and speak of the Union as of the palladium of your political safety and prosperity, watching for its preservation with Jealous anxiety, discountenancing whatever may suggest even a suspicion that it can in any event be abandoned, and indignantly frowning upon the first dawning of any attempt to alienate any portion of our country from the rest or to enfeeble the sacred ties which now link together the various parts." Without union our independence and liberty would never have been achieved; without union they never can be maintained. Divided into twenty-four, or even a smaller number, of separate communities, we shall see our internal trade burdened with numberless restraints and exactions; communication between distant points and sections obstructed or cut off; our sons made soldiers to deluge with blood the fields they now till in peace; the mass of our people borne down and impoverished by taxes to support armies and navies, and military leaders at the head of their victorious legions becoming our lawgivers and judges. The loss of liberty, of all good government, of peace, plenty, and happiness, must inevitably follow a dissolution of the Union. In supporting it, therefore, we support all that is dear to the freeman and the philanthropist.　

以我处理政务的经验和对后来生活的观察来看，我许久前的观点是正确的，州政府一旦倒台，或失去了治理当地人民各类问题的能力，都会直接导致当地爆发革命，陷入无政府状态，最终演化为独裁政权和军政府。因此，如果联邦政府侵犯各州权利，同样也会削弱联邦自身的权力，并失去完成自己设立的目标的能力。同胞们对此问题忧心忡忡，但是我已经准备好随时使用宪法赋予我的权力，去挫败一切试图侵犯各州政府权利或让联邦政府一家独大的行为意图。但是，各州组成的联邦，和各州本身一样极其重要，全体公民都有支持联邦政府行使其正当权力、维护联邦统一的神圣使命。你们都得到了智者的告诫：“习惯性地将联邦视作你政治安全、美好生活的保护神；细心地守护她；无论发生什么都不背弃她，甚至连这种想法都不能产生；要对任何试图分裂我们国家，或削弱我们各地联系的神圣纽带的行为感到愤怒。”(译者注:此处引用出自1796年华盛顿总统的告别演讲)没有联邦，我们当初就无法独立和自由；没有联邦，我们已有的独立和自由也难以持续。如果我国分裂成24个部分(译者注:1833年美国只有24个州)，甚至更小的一众地区，我国的国内贸易将遭受数不清的限制和征不完的苛捐杂税；相距遥远的地区之间来往会受阻甚至中断；(战争中)我们的子孙会成为士兵，和平时期他们耕种的土地上，将洒满他们的鲜血；我国广大人民不得不为支撑陆海军费用而倾家荡产，取得战争胜利的一方军队指挥官成为我们新的立法统治者。联邦解体后，自由、仁政、和平、财富和幸福都会丧失殆尽。因此，我们捍卫联邦，就是在捍卫自由人和博爱者所珍视的一切。

The time at which I stand before you is full of interest. The eyes of all nations are fixed on our Republic. The event of the existing crisis will be decisive in the opinion of mankind of the practicability of our federal system of government. Great is the stake placed in our hands; great is the responsibility which must rest upon the people of the United States. Let us realize the importance of the attitude in which we stand before the world. Let us exercise forbearance and firmness. Let us extricate our country from the dangers which surround it and learn wisdom from the lessons they inculcate.

你我所处的这个时代生机勃勃。全世界各国的目光都注视着我们的共和国。现在的这场危机将会改变世人眼中对我们联邦政府体制可行性的看法。我们面临的风险很大；美国人民的责任更是艰巨。让我们认识到美国的态度对世界有多么重要。让我们作风宽大但坚定。让我们将祖国从重重危机中拯救出来，并从危机中汲取智慧和教训。

Deeply impressed with the truth of these observations, and under the obligation of that solemn oath which I am about to take, I shall continue to exert all my faculties to maintain the just powers of the Constitution and to transmit unimpaired to posterity the blessings of our Federal Union. At the same time, it will be my aim to inculcate by my official acts the necessity of exercising by the General Government those powers only that are clearly delegated; to encourage simplicity and economy in the expenditures of the Government; to raise no more money from the people than may be requisite for these objects, and in a manner that will best promote the interests of all classes of the community and of all portions of the Union. Constantly bearing in mind that in entering into society "individuals must give up a share of liberty to preserve the rest," it will be my desire so to discharge my duties as to foster with our brethren in all parts of the country a spirit of liberal concession and compromise, and, by reconciling our fellow-citizens to those partial sacrifices which they must unavoidably make for the preservation of a greater good, to recommend our invaluable Government and Union to the confidence and affections of the American people.

我会将观察到的现象牢记于心，现在我将肩负起庄严誓言中的使命，我会不遗余力地捍卫宪法的正当权利，将益国益民的联邦一丝不少地交给子孙后代。同时，我会致力于以行动向各位强调，联邦政府行使其被赋予的权力是有必要的；只要这样联邦政府才能减少财政开支；才能不向人民征收不必要的税金，并能够最有效地发展联邦各地、社会各阶层的利益。始终牢记，人在进入社会时，“不得不放弃一部分自由，才能保证自己大体的自由”(译者注：同样引用自乔治·华盛顿)，我希望同全国各地的兄弟们一同发扬我们的自由意识和妥协精神，与我们的同胞相互协调，做出小部分不可避免的牺牲，来保全国家整体利益，向我们的联邦政府展现美国人民对祖国的热爱和信心。

Finally, it is my most fervent prayer to that Almighty Being before whom I now stand, and who has kept us in His hands from the infancy of our Republic to the present day, that He will so overrule all my intentions and actions and inspire the hearts of my fellow-citizens that we may be preserved from dangers of all kinds and continue forever a united and happy people.

最后，让我站在上帝全能的上帝面前，向这位从美利坚共和国建国至今一直保佑我们的造物主献上自己最虔诚的祈祷，愿主支配我的一切意愿和行动，鼓舞同胞们的心灵，保护我国不受任何伤害，并让美利坚民族成为一个永远团结、幸福的民族。

声明：本人仅按照原文翻译内容，演讲内容不代表本人观点。此专栏仅供历史和英语交流学习使用，任何读者皆可引用本人的译本。

希望来学习英语的观众明白：我觉得这些专栏的主要精华在于英语原文，而并非我的译本，我的译本很大程度上只是供来学习历史的观众使用的。本人的英语水平一般，翻译得并不会多么精彩，只能在你看不懂时来帮助你了解这些演讲内容最基本的意思，而且翻译时难免会出现差错，切勿直接完全以我的译本为标准。如发现有翻译错误或者歧义内容，欢迎指正。

希望来学习历史的观众明白：任何历史人物都有一定的局限性，随着时代发展，很多观点看法可能已经不再适用今天的世界，西方的观点也不一定适用于我们。通过了解这些演讲，仅可给我们提供一个更全面了解过去和世界的渠道。我们可以从优秀的历史、当代人物身上学到很多，但是请保持独立思考，理性看待演讲内容，切勿全信或将其奉为真理。